Some Long Thoughts on a Difficult Ride.
By Pam Harris
Legally speaking, you're of sound mind. You have a real-time job
and a full-time family. You hit the weight room when you can and
run occasionally in months that include the letter "r." Your
friends think you're in pretty good shape, and your mother calls
you a "health nut" because you cycle every Saturday morning if
the winds are behaving. If challenged, you'd bet a stranger that
you can cycle around Inyokern Loop in 90 minutes, give or take 30
minutes. To usher in the next millennium, you've decided to
complete the Death Valley to Mount Whitney Road Race. And,
although you've got the resolve to see it through, you haven't a
clue of how to train, simultaneously keep your job, and convince
your family you aren't having a "mid-life crisis." This is the
first of a series of articles designed to help you make it to the
top of that mountain and minimize the inherent pain of getting
there. The factual information presented was obtained from The
American College of Sports Medicine Fitness Handbook, The USA
Sports Coach Cycling Manual, Greg LeMond's Complete Book of
Cycling, Essentials of Exercise Physiology (McArdle, Katch, and
Katch), and Food for Sport (Dr. Nathan J. Smith). The rest of my
thoughts sprout from eight years of cycling—including
numerous trial-and-error days—a formal education in
nutrition and food science, countless discussions with other wise
cyclists in our valley, and a smidgen of Lance Armstrong's
training principles for luck.
December – Establish the Basics: For some
cyclists, the highest hurdle is finding the time to train; the
second, enlisting the support of family members.
Draw Up A Behavioral Contract. The first step toward
achieving your goal is to absolve yourself of any guilt about
abandoning your family in the months ahead. The second step is to
convince your family to buy into this philosophy to maintain
familial harmony. The American College of Sports Medicine
recommends the use of behavioral contracts so that all parties
know from the get-go exactly what steps must be taken to achieve
particular goals. These contracts also help identify possible
obstacles and countermeasures.
- First, identify your goal. In this case—to complete the
Death Valley to Mt. Whitney Road Race. The key word is complete.
Not race.
- Second, identify the steps needed to get there. Decide how
many days you can reasonably commit to cycling. Choose a cycling
schedule you and your family can live with. Some cyclists need a
very rigid "set-in-stone" schedule to keep themselves and their
families on track; others like more flexibility. Based on a
consensus of several cyclists in our valley (and endurance
training programs outlined by the USA Cycling Federation), the
minimum number of days you must cycle to complete this ride is
four to achieve a balance between endurance (length of time
cycling) and intensity (level of effort). Three cycling days is
doable, but the journey will be more painful (unless you are a
well-conditioned athlete). Cycling more than five days a week to
complete this course is not necessary.
- Third, identify the days of the week and times of each day
you will cycle. From a physiological viewpoint, morning sessions
are best, because physical activity early in the day can increase
your metabolism for the rest of that day, burning off more
calories than usual. Morning and lunchtime workouts may also have
less impact on family and work responsibilities. Also, mornings
are usually not as windy as the rest of the day. However, it is
not a crime to cycle in the evening or change your cycling time
from day to day or month to month (if your family agrees to this
flexibility!). The important thing is to find a time that works
for you and a time that will allow you to focus mentally.
- Choose either a Friday OR Saturday OR Sunday AND three
additional days during the week for a 4-day schedule and four
additional days for a 5-day schedule. For your weekend ride,
block out a 4- to 8-hour time period.
- For both the 4- and 5-day cycling options, block out 60
minutes on each of two weekdays.
- For the 4-day cycling option, block out 120 minutes on one
weekday. For the 5-day option, block out 120 minutes on each of
two weekdays. In December's newsletter, sample four- and five-day
training options will be presented. Each option is designed so
that you can spend at least one day of each weekend with your
family. The programs are designed to help you reach your goal of
completing the ride. These programs are not designed to increase
your cycling speed.
- Fourth, identify any goal-supporting activities required to
achieve your goal, including those activities contributed by
other family members. Support activities could include
transportation to and from designated rides or sag support during
endurance rides. Family support may also mean that your spouse
must now assume your responsibility of getting the kids ready for
school on two mornings each week. Or that your child must mow the
lawn on weekends during March and April.
- Fifth, identify obstacles that might prevent you from
achieving your goal. Develop countermeasures to eliminate these
obstacles.
- Sixth, hold a family meeting. Share your goal and training
schedule with your family. Listen to their feedback and
incorporate their concerns into your contract. You may have to
alter your original training schedule to make sure you don't miss
important family events—your kid's birthday—or other
responsibilities, such as shopping for a new dining-room table
for your mother, which may not seem important to you but is very
important to your mother. After every family member understands
and agrees to the terms of the contract, have everyone sign
it.
- Finally, in return for their support, promise your family
that you will support their goals and activities in a similar
manner. No matter what happens in the next six months, live up to
your bargain in supporting their activities. In other words, if
you adopt the philosophy that you owe your family BIG time for
ANY time they give you, you're on the right track.
Identify Vital Statistics Now that you have your family's
blessing, it's time to uncover some of your vital statistics.
This information will be incorporated into your specific training
program next month.
Count your resting pulse rate . For one minute each
morning, count your heartbeat (pulse) in any of these three
locations: near your wrist, forearm (brachial artery), or neck
(carotid artery) BEFORE you get out of bed. Get out of bed and
record that number as beats per minute in your training log. Take
your pulse rate every morning. With proper fitness training, your
resting pulse rate should decrease. An elevated pulse rate may
indicate that you are training at too high a level.
Calculate your maximum heart rate. If you know your
maximum heart rate, as measured by a cardiologist or fitness
specialist, use that number. Otherwise, for this training, the
following formula can be used. MHR = 220 - age in years
Start Training Once your training schedule is
established, start cycling at least two days a week. Grow
accustomed to the idea that this time is your time. Include other
family members or friends on these cycling expeditions. Cycle
with your kids and have one of those "meaningful" conversations.
This will ensure that you are not cycling too fast.
Alternatively, you can borrow a tandem and cycle with your
spouse. GO SLOWLY. Let your spouse set the pace. Have fun. Make
it a date. Go to breakfast, lunch, or dinner. Stop often. Do
snacks. On your other designated day(s), run, hike, ski, walk,
bowl, swim, play with your kids, or rough-house with your dog.
Starting early is important for several reasons: (1) it
establishes a training pattern, (2) it gives you a head start
mentally and physically, and (3) it allows other family members
to participate and to get used to the idea that mom and dad need
playtime too.
Think about what you are eating. Are you eating too
much? Not enough? Do you skip meals? Lack energy? Have a
difficult time recovering after a workout? Here are some general
guidelines for healthier eating. During and after cycling, it is
best to follow the KISS principle of eating. The bulk (70%) of
your calories should come from bread, cereal grains, fruits and
vegetables and their juices, milk products (excluding cheese),
pasta, potatoes, and beans. For a typical 2000-calorie diet, 1400
calories should come from these carbohydrate sources. The rest of
the calories (300 to 400 calories or 15 to 20%) should come from
lean protein sources—poultry, seafood, eggs (egg whites are
100% high-quality protein), cottage cheese, lean beef, ham, and
pork—and fats and oil (200 to 300 calories or 10 to
15%)—nuts, hard cheeses, peanut butter, butter, margarine,
bacon, and salad dressings. This plan leaves little room for junk
food and alcoholic beverages. Female cyclists require a minimum
of 2000 calories a day, but caloric needs will vary with age,
activity level, body type, and basal metabolism. Male cyclists
need at least 3000 calories a day. These values assume you do not
want to lose weight. Each hour of moderately intense cycling
(~85% of maximum heart rate) burns approximately 600 to 900
calories; very intense workouts (93 to 97% of maximum heart rate)
burn even greater amounts: approximately 1100 to 1400 calories
per hour. During pure aerobic training, the fuel source is
endogenous fat. During the most intense anaerobic training (such
as powerlifting), the fuel sources are creatine phosphate then
glycogen (long chains of glucose stored in muscles), and then
blood glucose. Cycling can involve the use of any of these fuels
or a combination simultaneously, depending on the intensity
and/or duration of the effort. The human adult body requires
about 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight to
maintain its lean body mass. If you are trying to increase your
muscle (or lean body) mass through strength training (either in
the weight room or on your bicycle), eat an additional 0.8 grams
of protein per kilogram of body weight (to total approximately
1.6 g per kilogram of body weight; 2.2 pounds equals 1 kilogram).
To maintain an isocaloric diet (to keep your calories the same),
replace some of the fat in your diet with additional protein. If
you are already at the lower limit of fat consumption (10%), then
decrease the amount of carbohydrates in your diet by no more than
10% to accommodate the additional protein calories. Learn to read
food labels. One gram of fat = 9 calories; one gram of
carbohydrate or protein = 4 calories; one gram of alcohol = 7.5
calories. Remember cereal grains and milk products also contain
varying amounts of protein, which should be considered in your
calculations.
- Variety is the spice of life. To make sure that you eat a
wide range of nutrients, eat a wide range of foods.
- When it comes to nutrient supplementation, it is better to
eat the food than take the pill.
- Spread your calories throughout the day rather than packing
them into one or two meals a day.
- To speed up muscle recovery, eat both a carbohydrate-rich and
protein-rich food within two hours following an intense cycling
effort.
- Stop eating fried foods, snack chips (unless labeled reduced
fat or fat free), crackers (ditto), and creamed foods (such as
linguine Alfredo and clam chowder unless made with milk and not
cream).
These foods contain too much fat and too few nutrients to be
worthwhile and, even with a small visitation, do too much damage
to your waistline. If you can't live without them, eat these
foods (to your heart's content) only on the six major holidays
(Easter, Fourth of July, Labor Day, Thanksgiving, Christmas, and
New Years Day) or as a reward for completing a tremendous
physical effort, such as a six-hour endurance ride. Fat is an
important component of food, and every human body needs the
essential fatty acids. Dietary fats are vital building blocks for
cell membranes, including blood cells and muscle fibers. Dietary
fat provides a sensation of fullness often lacking when extremely
low-fat diets are consumed. On the other hand, how much fat is
too much? Be aware that every one-ounce serving of cheese or nuts
and every tablespoon of oil, butter, peanut butter, margarine,
and salad dressing provide approximately 100 calories. Adding a
handful of nuts to a muffin, cookie, or cake recipe will increase
the nutritional value of these items without significantly
increasing the calorie content of one cookie, muffin, or piece of
cake. However, grabbing a can of mixed nuts and eating them by
the handfuls during your favorite movie is not safe. High fat
diets can also make you lethargic. Thirty-five unused servings of
fat equal one pound of fat somewhere on your body. Based on your
activity levels, decide for yourself how much fat is too much.
- Use fats, oils, and salad dressings in small quantities (one
tablespoon at a time) to enhance the flavor of food not hide
it.
- Cheese is not a substitute for meat. Cheese is an inferior
cousin of milk. Cheeses contain at least 80% fat. Even the worst
hamburger mixtures do not contain that much fat. In cooking, use
cheese sparingly. If you must have a cheese fix, indulge in big
servings (such as pizza) once every two weeks rather than daily
or weekly.
- For every ounce of cola (diet or regular), coffee, or tea you
drink, also drink at least an equivalent amount of water to
counter the dehydrating effects of caffeine.
- If you snack on ice cream, pies, cakes, cookies, candies, and
"energy" bars, select those with the least amount of fat and the
highest amount of sugar. Hopefully, your blood sugar will
increase rapidly, and you'll stop eating. Although all nutrients
are important, the seven that require special attention in
athletes are:
- Protein
- Carbohydrates
- Iron (available in foods such as peas and beans, red meat,
dried fruit, and fortified cereals)
- Calcium (available in milk and milk products, green leafy
vegetables, and some nuts)
- Sodium (abundant in all processed foods)
- Potassium (abundant in lean meats, peas and beans, fruits,
vegetables, and energy drinks)
- .Water (available in a bottle or from the tap as well as in
fresh fruit, fruit juices, and energy drinks)
Sample Behavioral Contract:
Goal: To complete the Death Valley to Mt. Whitney Road Race Time
Frame: May 2000
To reach my goal, I will:
- Rain and/or wind: I will cycle on a trainer indoors for at
least 45 minutes if it rains or if the wind is excessive.
- Vary the intensity and duration of my workouts to enhance my
cycling abilities.
- Find a cycling buddy or buddies.
Goal supporting activities:
- Buy and maintain a bicycle and accessories, including shoes,
water bottles, helmet, proper clothing.
- Watch TV only after I have completed by training.
- Reward myself with 30 additional minutes on my computer time
every time I successfully complete a training session.
- Take my family on a 3-day vacation of their choice when I
have reached my goal.
- Let my family know about my plan and have them encourage me
to cycle according to my training schedule.
Barriers and countermeasures:
- Luncheon meetings: I will cycle for 45 to 90 minutes before I
leave work on days we have meetings during lunch.
- Rain and/or wind: I will cycle on a trainer indoors for at
least 45 minutes if it rains or if the wind is excessive.
Signed:
__________________________________________________________________
Date: __________________________
Family member:
___________________________________________________________
Date: __________________________
This contract will be evaluated every month:
Date:
________________________________________________________________
Revisions: __________________________
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